Anna Andreievna - manager Astoria Hotel: History12 examines the major themes and events of the 20th century, particularly in the period 1919-1980's. Scope and Objectives. In this way it is possible to research individual people and events in great detail. The Cold War was a period of ideological and geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union , and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc , after World War II . The Prague Spring . See what Back Badge (BackBadge) has discovered on Pinterest, the world's biggest collection of ideas. It had a dramatic effect in Eastern Europe where "de-stalinisation" raised expectations of change, especially in Poland and Hungary. The Soviet Union was a world superpower that helped to shape and define almost the whole 20th century. Disbanded in 1956 as part of de-Stalinization. Few people thought the Bolsheviks could hold onto power for long. Soviet Union (and later China) spread communism through satellite states and via proxy wars during the Cold War. He was responsible for the De-Stalinization of the USSR, as well as several liberal … He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, following the death of Joseph Stalin, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. After Stalin’s death and de-Stalinization, Mao grew to despise the Soviet Union, feeling that it had deviated from the true path toward Communism, and he now declared that the torch had been passed to China, which had a revolutionary calling. Soviet military force was used to suppress anti-Stalinist uprisings in Hungary and Poland in 1956. Share this postIt was written for the 1913 Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev 's Ballets Russes company; the original choreography was by Vaslav Nijinsky with stage designs and costumes by … Flashcards. Moscow considered Eastern Europe to be a buffer zone for the forward defense of its western borders, and ensured its control of the region by transforming the Eastern European countries into satellite states. The Party had a tenuous hold on the capital, where the civil service, post and telegraph, and banks went on strike against their seizure of power, but very weak support in the provinces. Joseph Stalin served as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for a period of 30 years from 1922 to 1952. Its title was On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences. Especially in eastern Europe; End to police control, uprising for more freedom; It encouraged a mass uprising in Hungary which Khrushchev had no choice but to end with force. Interpretations of why the USA dropped the atomic bomb on Japan GCSE and IGCSE History Revision, Videos, International Relations Since 1945. When Khrushchev attained power in 1953 he advocated the deStalinization of the Soviet Union during a speech at the 20th congress of the soviet party. By the 1960s Berlin was still divided - the USSR controlled the East and the USA guaranteed freedom in the West. It was the nucleus of a … The Cominform … Purges of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union (Russian: "Чистка партийных рядов", chistka partiynykh ryadov, "cleansing of the party ranks") was a Soviet ritual, especially during the 1920s, in which periodic reviews of members of the Communist Party were conducted by other members and the security organs to get rid of "undesirables". History 12 Course Outline. He was embalmed and preserved in Lenin’s mausoleum in Moscow’s Red Square until 1961 when it was removed and buried near the Kremlin as part of the de-Stalinization process. His father left the farming area to work in a mine and Nikita joined the mining workforce as a metal fitter. Khrushchev’s secret speech (February 25, 1956), in Russian history, denunciation of the deceased Soviet leader Joseph Stalin made by Nikita Khrushchev to a closed session of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In-text: (BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Lenin and the Bolshevik revolution, 2016) Your Bibliography: Bbc.co.uk. Mr Khrushchev's "secret speech" was not made public until 18 March 1956 and then only in Belgrade and Washington. This political message of denouncing Stalinism seemed to advocate a new era of Soviet foreign politics based on toleration to the western bloc of capitalist countries. The speech was a spoken report to the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 25 February 1956. Entries usually include a narrative, illustrations and primary sources. In Feb 1956, Khrushchev gave his ‘de-Stalinization’ speech. Nikita Khrushchev came from a farm family in the Ukraine. The text within each entry is linked to other relevant pages in the encyclopaedia. The second Arab-Israeli war is fought after Egypt seizes the Suez Canal from the British. The Brezhnev Doctrine is the moment Soviet policy went from verbal to outright physical threats, the moment the USSR said it would invade anyone who stepped out of its line. Though he largely pursued a policy Because it was encouraging more western liberal ideas He interviewed a number of Leningrad residents shortly after the siege was lifted: ADVERTISMENT. The process of de-Stalinization in Czechoslovakia had begun under Antonín Novotný in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but had progressed more slowly than in most other states of the Eastern Bloc. The 1936 film 'Circus' - Stalin's favourite and the most successful of all time within the Soviet Union - was about an American woman with a Mixed Race son, who finds acceptance in the USSR. Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971) led the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War, serving as premier from 1958 to 1964. The Cominform was dissolved in April 1956, after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the USSR and the wave of de-Stalinization that followed. Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968 On August 20, 1968, the Soviet Union led Warsaw Pact troops in an invasion of Czechoslovakia to crack down on reformist trends in Prague.Although the Soviet Union’s action successfully halted the pace of reform in Czechoslovakia, it had unintended consequences for the unity of the communist bloc. 2016. Background [edit | edit source]. Alexander Werth was a correspondent for the London Sunday Times and the BBC who accompanied the Soviet troops as they pushed the Germans from their soil. The expression “thaw” comes from the title of the short story written by Illya Ehrenburg. BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Lenin and the Bolshevik revolution . Gravity. ... blue cold c…, past the fields of muddy, weeds that once stood and now lay do…, it appears that nothing looks any better or has any life the f…. Covering a sixth of Earth's land surface, its size was comparable to that of North America. Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. The report was known as the Secret Speech because it was delivered at a closed … Communist Party, as part of the USSR’s de-Stalinization movement. See what Back Badge (BackBadge) has discovered on Pinterest, the world's biggest collection of ideas. Learn about his younger years, his … The 1950s brought a desire for reform in Eastern Europe. Joseph Stalin oversaw the Soviet Union’s entry into the Cold War, but the vast majority of the conflict took place after his death. De-Stalinization Speech increased tensions Successful Polish uprising boosted confidence of Hungarians wanting revolt ￫Poles had low demands and gave many assurances ￫High demands led to threatened Soviet security Suez Canal Crisis happening at the same time drawing international attention 2 Russia, crucially, did not approve of this and worked to stop it. Once the market crashed, there was no way that all the people who had took out loans could repay the banks, thus forcing many banks to go bankrupt as well. Photo: Keystone/Getty Images Quick Facts Name Joseph Stalin Birth Date December 18, 1878 Death Date March 5, 1953 Education Tiflis Theological Seminary, Church school … A Communist China, comprising a quarter of the world’s population, had inevitably extended the Cold War to East Asia. BBC Bitesize revision notes. Regardless, Khrushchev’s policies of de-Stalinization also encouraged the Hungarians to criticize Soviet rule and increased their desire to improve relations with the West.14 Students and workers … The Soviet Union formed out of the ashes of World War One, was a victor of World War Two and went on to challenge the United States as a world superpower during the Cold War. In October 1949, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) replaced the Republic of China (ROC) after the Chinese Communists won a nationwide victory in the civil war and drove the Nationalist government to Taiwan. Read More. Under pressure from his advisers, who feared he would lose his throne, Nicholas II reluctantly agreed to sign a Manifesto, drawn up by Count Witte, granting civil liberties, cabinet government, and a legislative Duma elected on a wide franchise. The Khrushchev “thaw” is an unofficial name of the period in the history of the USSR after the death of Joseph Stalin (from 1953 to 1964). One of the most important figures in the history of the Soviet Union, Stalin and his policies are a matter of debate even today. Learn about and revise the origins of the Cold War between 1914 and 1948 with this BBC Bitesize History (Edexcel) study guide. The Soviet Union reacted differently to events in Poland, Hungary and Berlin, due to domestic pressures and military and ideological factors. De-Stalinization, political reform launched at the 20th Party Congress (February 1956) by Soviet Communist Party First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev that condemned the crimes committed by his predecessor, Joseph Stalin, destroyed Stalin’s image as an infallible leader, and promised a return to so-called socialist legality and Leninist principles of party rule. The European portion accounted for a quarter of the country's area, and was the cultural and economic centre. Krushchevs Secret Speech was the speech in which Nikita Krushchev denounced Joseph Stalin after the latters death. With an area of 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi), the Soviet Union was the world's largest country, a status that is retained by the Russian Federation. It came during Czechoslovakia's Prague Spring, a moment when (relative) freedom was in the air, if only briefly. Note: This information is provided as a general grounding for students who will later in the school year study the Cold War. He also begins "de-Stalinization," releasing millions of political prisoners and liberalizing Soviet politics. - Taking Loans out from the bank - Buying stocks with the loan's Buying on Margin is when people would loan money from the bank, and use that money to trade stocks and gain more money. Joseph Stalin's cult of personality became a prominent feature of Soviet culture in December 1929, after a lavish celebration of his purported 50th birthday. Still, Soviet troops invade Hungary to crush an uprising against the Communist government there. 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