When you participate in this community event, the funds you raise give hope to everyone impacted by MS. © 2020 The National Multiple Sclerosis Society is a tax exempt 501(c)3 nonprofit organization. In their Science Translational Medicine paper, the investigators report that most scientists believe the pathogenesis of MS is driven by autoimmunity against oligodendrocyte–produced myelin antigens. Injected after disease onset, the extracellular vesicles reduced disease severity in three mouse models representing early and late stages of the disease. Powered by Madgex Job Board Software.

It can be activated to defend against already known pathogens stored in its “memory,” allowing for a quick immune response. In their research, the investigators also isolated extracellular vesicles from human-derived oligodendrocytes, all of which contained multiple myelin antigens. Currently, scientists do not have a thorough understanding of which myelin antigens trigger the immune system attack in MS. Additionally, there is a current lack of consensus on the extent of the responsibility of different antigens in terms of disease onset and progression.

She’s not alone.

55, Issue 4, Pages 455-457, (published online 22 Mar 2004) has an editorial entitled: About 25 percent of people with autoimmune diseases have a tendency to develop additional autoimmune diseases. One such study identified a group of proteins, known as a complement, that may be involved in the loss of nerve connections (synapses) in the area of the brain associated with memory. Finally, the research is unclear as to whether or not immune-targeted antigens evolve in patients with MS. “There are many possible immune-activating antigens in the myelin sheath, but the biggest hurdle is that we don’t know which component of myelin is triggering the immune response in MS patients,” added corresponding study author Abdolmohamad Rostami, M.D., Ph.D., Professor and Chairman of the Department of Neurology at Sidney Kimmel Medical College-Thomas Jefferson University and Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience-Jefferson Health, in a previously published interview with Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News.

Here are a few related topics that may interest you.

Some researchers, however, consider MS to be an “immune-mediated” disease, because the precise antigen, or substance (usually proteins), that triggers the immune system to produce antibodies against the central nervous system (CNS) is still not identified.

Thus, the therapeutic strategy contains multiple myeline antigens and, in theory, may increase the chance that the extracellular vesicles stop the autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath. But what you may not realize is that they all have one thing in common: They are autoimmune diseases. Problems arise, however, if a foreign substance looks too much like its “self,” like its own tissues, and is ignored — or if the immune system misreads its tissues and takes them as foreign invaders. Certain autoimmune diseases, like multiple sclerosis and lupus, run in families. Researchers suggest these three possibilities as reasons behind such attacks: Although the third possibility has long been the favored explanation, recent research suggests that the first two play a role in MS, possibly by a breach in the brain-blood barrier that brings the immune system into contact with the brain for a first time. The immune system is indeed targeting unhealthy brain cells, The immune system has begun to identify normal brain cells as foreign invaders. Fighting malignant cells involved in cancer, or other cells changed due to illness. The researchers who developed the new oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicle therapy note that traditional MS drugs combat the inflammatory response associated with the disease by suppressing the immune system. In MS, the immune system attacks the myelin sheath, an insulating layer that wraps around nerves in the brain and spinal cord. The immune system is fighting against an infectious agent (e.g., a virus) that mimics or otherwise looks like brain and nerve cells (an event called molecular mimickry).

The underlying immunological abnormalities in MS lead to various neurological and autoimmune manifestations. Other immune white blood cells, known as T-cells, also for unknown reasons become activated and turn against proteins in the central nervous system, causing inflammation, secreting chemicals that damage nerve axons, and recruiting other damaging immune cells. Based on this finding, the researchers theorize the results in the animal models could generalize to human patients. Click here to subscribe to the Multiple Sclerosis News Today Newsletter!

By accepting, you consent to the use of all cookies and by declining, only essential cookies will be used to make our website work. By Brandon May. These roles include: The immune system is incredibly complex, second only in complexity to the nervous system. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

Lauren Lippincott is not yet 35 years old, yet she lives with five autoimmune diseases. Multiple Sclerosis News Today is strictly a news and information website about the disease. There are a number of diseases that fall into this category, including, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis or Crohn’s disease. The new therapeutic approach relied on tiny extracellular vesicles released by oligodendrocytes that generate the myelin sheath. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought by many medical researchers to be an autoimmune disease. Walk MS connects people living with MS and those who care about them. The immune system is the body’s defense against disease and infection (immune comes from the Latin word immunis, meaning free or untouched). All rights reserved. Somehow this system breaks down in MS, and white blood cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) cross the barrier to begin their attacks on the myelin sheath around nerve fibers. Learn how the immune system may interact with genetic, environmental and infectious factors to cause MS. Nearly 1 million people are living with MS in the United States, according to a study funded by the National MS Society. Finn, I think there is finally some commentary from the MS Community about the research from Australia that it is not an autoimmune disease.

Read about the other immune-mediated, demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system for which the Society offers information, resources and services. © 1985 - 2020 BioSpace.com. These theories challenge the idea that MS is primarily an autoimmune disease although there may be more than one trigger or combination of triggers that causes a person to develop MS. Extracellular vesicles are capable of being harvested from cultured oligodendrocytes, and many of them contain nearly all of the relevant myeline antigens. “Given that oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles contain most, or possibly all, relevant myelin antigens, they have the potential to induce antigen-specific tolerance and suppress disease driven by an immune response against myelin antigens,” the investigators wrote in their paper. Another looked specifically at macrophages and what might trigger their damaging attacks. In this study, researchers working in a mouse model of the disease were able to differentiate between “good” and “bad” macrophages, a finding that, if supported in future research,  could result in treatments that target only destructive or “bad” macrophages, preserving more of the immune system’s ability to protect from disease while limited damage done in MS. This is more than twice the original estimate and means solutions for MS are now twice as important.

The progress, severity and specific symptoms of MS in any one person cannot yet be predicted.

In in vivo mouse experiments, intravenous injection of the therapy prevented the onset of MS symptoms (e.g., reduced mobility and paralysis) when injected before disease development. Understanding how the system’s components (T-cells, B-cells and antibodies) work. The findings of the mouse model also indicate the therapy leaves the immune system intact, suggesting it does not weaken the overall immune system like other MS treatments. There is strong evidence that MS is, at least in part, an immune-mediated disease. Multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis—these are fairly common diagnoses.

Current research is looking into these areas: A number of studies are being supported by the National MS Society and other patient-advocate groups.

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This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. While this may help reduce the immune system’s ability to attack the myelin sheath that covers the central nervous system, the investigators say this can also lead to serious side effects. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. autoimmune diseases that mimic ms Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating, neurological disease characterized by inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Note: Multiple Sclerosis News Today is strictly a news and information website about the disease.

It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Identifying new targets for therapies, especially those aiming at specific parts so as to leave much of the immune system unaffected. Recognizing and neutralizing foreign and harmful substances from the environment. However, even those that do may be essential for you at this time. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease of the central nervous system that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body.

Oligodendrocytes, which are myelin-producing cells, and nerve fibers are also damaged.

Explore the four disease courses to understand the similarities and differences between them. Lymphocytes and macrophages are types of white blood cells produced by the immune system as protective agents. Scientists believe that a combination of environmental and genetic factors contribute to the risk of developing MS. An introduction and guide to living with MS for people recently diagnosed with MS or who have a loved one who was recently diagnosed. It is made up of different organs, cells and proteins, each one playing a specific role in protecting us from viruses, bacteria and foreign substances. If true, it raises important questions about how MS develops and how it might be prevented.

A detailed view of MS-related damage in the central nervous system that results in the varied and unpredictable symptoms of the disease. For people who have more than one diagnosed autoimmune disease, it’s called polyautoimmunity. Researchers from the Thomas Jefferson University have designed an antigen-specific therapy for the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS) using oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles.

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